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An input skip can reduce reconstruction error while leaving a model's distribution of new samples unchanged. For a Gaussian variational autoencoder (VAE) with constant input skip $0\leqα
Preserving fine-scale structure without degrading spatial accuracy is a central challenge for kilometre-scale machine-learning weather prediction (MLWP). We introduce a loss based on the dual-tree complex wavelet transform that constrains atmospheric fields jo...
Simulating extreme monsoon rainfall over the Konkan coast and Western Ghats remains challenging at 9 km resolution, where convection is partly resolved and partly parameterised. This study evaluates the sensitivity of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) sim...
Existing noise mitigation strategies for wind farms usually consist in reducing turbines power output, without accounting for the wake interactions between them and the noise emission directivity. This leads to over-conservative policies and unexploited wind p...
The long range propagation of acoustic waves in Earth's atmosphere is sensitive to winds and temperature variations in the upper atmosphere. Thus, infrasound observations have a strong potential to improve numerical weather models by data assimilation methods....
Significant wave height (SWH) retrieval from high-frequency (HF) radar data conventionally relies on Doppler-spectrum processing and interpretation of the weak second-order scattering continuum. This article investigates adaptive spatial processing for time-do...
Coupled climate simulations are computationally expensive, largely because of the atmosphere. We introduce FASST, a coupled climate model that retains the prognostic POP2 ocean while replacing the atmosphere and sea ice with lightweight U-Net emulators. The at...
Improving convective-scale skill in data-driven regional weather models requires better representing rare high-impact events, training at native resolution, broadening variable output, and demonstrating performance in real-time settings. Here, we evaluate thes...
The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) measures baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) in the Lyman-$α$ (Lyman-alpha) forest and provides a robust probe of the expansion history in the matter-dominated era. Yet, non-linear structure formation broadens and...
Magnetic fields are vital in determining the physical conditions of baryons in massive halos. They are, however, notoriously difficult to observe. This impacts problems from our understanding of galaxy formation, to the observed deficit in the amplitude of the...
It is commonly assumed that the mass of dark matter particles cannot be determined from their gravitational effects when dark matter behaves as collisionless matter. Here we show that extreme-mass-ratio inspirals observable by millihertz gravitational-wave obs...
Models of the dark sector in which the dark matter participates in nontrivial interactions can create detectable signatures in cosmological observables, providing non-terrestrial means of probing the nature of dark matter. In this work, we test dark matter-bar...