Prépublication
· 2026 arXiv
EN
Radiance-based retrievals and data assimilation require radiative transfer models (RTMs) to simulate radiances and quantify their sensitivities to atmospheric and surface conditions. Conventional RTMs often rely on separately maintained forward, tangent-linear...
Zeting Li, Wei Han et al.
#physics.ao-ph
Prépublication
· 2026 arXiv
EN
AI weather prediction models are often regarded as black boxes. Despite their impressive skill, there is little understanding of how the input data is processed during inference to produce the forecast. This limitation arises from the use of high-dimensional l...
Matthias Beylich, Kirsten I. Tempest et al.
#physics.ao-ph
Prépublication
· 2026 arXiv
EN
Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made rapid progress on visual reasoning, yet many tasks require evidence that is difficult to obtain through internal reasoning alone: our controlled study on 22 benchmarks shows that simply increasing the inferenc...
Yu Zhou, Cheng-Fu Yang et al.
#cs.CL
Prépublication
· 2026 arXiv
EN
While LLM agents can generate visually plausible CAD assemblies, these designs often fail to fulfill their intended physical functions. We study functional CAD design, a setting where agents interpret underspecified requests to construct and iteratively revise...
Wenqian Zhang, Yangyi Huang et al.
#cs.CV
Prépublication
· 2026 arXiv
EN
Multimodal reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) provides reliable task-level supervision, yet offers limited guidance for localizing errors in visual reasoning. On-policy self-distillation (OPSD) complements this supervision with dense token-l...
Shiao Xie, Siyu Chen et al.
#cs.CV
Prépublication
· 2026 arXiv
EN
The goal of a world model is to capture the dynamics of an environment. This has the great appeal that it allows agents to plan and simulate a course of actions with the help of a world model. For these uses to be reliable, however, the learned dynamics must b...
Heejeong Nam, Divyat Mahajan et al.
#cs.AI
Prépublication
· 2026 arXiv
EN
Systems that combine several large language models (LLMs) often use one context for many questions. When the context is passed between models as text, the receiving model processes all of its tokens again for every question. Avoiding this cost requires a conte...
Huawei Lin, Jinting Liu et al.
#cs.CL
Prépublication
· 2026 arXiv
EN
We propose KronLSTM, a linear attention architecture based on the Kronecker Delta Rule, a novel update rule for associative matrix memories. KronLSTM extends the xLSTM family with a memory-revision mechanism that corrects targeted associations while modifying...
Anamaria-Roberta Hartl, Levente Zólyomi et al.
#cs.LG
Prépublication
· 2026 arXiv
EN
Cosmic filaments connect the nodes of the large-scale web and are thought to harbour a substantial fraction of the low-z baryon budget, yet a physically motivated framework for organising their diverse gas properties has been lacking. Here we show that the lin...
Daniela Galárraga-Espinosa, Daisuke Nagai et al.
#astro-ph.CO
Prépublication
· 2026 arXiv
EN
The validity of linear perturbation theory and the role of backreaction in single-field inflationary models that enhance power at small scales have recently been under debate. We investigate scalar backreaction semi-analytically in a mean-field approach within...
Matteo Braglia, Gabriele Franciolini et al.
#astro-ph.CO
Prépublication
· 2026 arXiv
EN
We present an updated analysis of non-standard neutrino self-interactions, where the interaction is effectively mediated by a heavy particle, using the latest available data from DESI and the CMB. The considered data include combinations of DESI DR1 full-shape...
Hernán E. Noriega, Josue De-Santiago et al.
#astro-ph.CO
Prépublication
· 2026 arXiv
EN
The Emirates Mission to the Asteroid Belt (EMA) probe is designed to perform asteroid imaging during an uncontrolled ballistic descent to (269) Justitia. The mission design is constrained by main spacecraft proximity operations, uncertain asteroid gravity, lim...
Shamil Biktimirov, Fatima Alnaqbi et al.
#astro-ph.EP